While some 26 million Americans have gained insurance since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) became effective in 2010, another 24 million U.S. adults are still living without coverage, according to a new report by the Commonwealth Fund, a private, nonprofit organization that supports health policy research and reform.
This is a concern because not only are uninsured adults likely to skip needed health services due to the cost, but a lack of insurance is also a risk factor for preventable hospitalizations and health declines due to chronic diseases, according to the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (http://ow.ly/Bs3a304bJR7).
So who are these uninsured Americans? According to The Commonwealth Fund survey (http://ow.ly/I8uZ304cB2b), 88% are Latinos under the age of 35 who earn less than $16,243 and/or work for a small business. "Half (51%) of the remaining uninsured live in one of the 20 states that had not yet expanded Medicaid at the time of the survey," states a press release issued by the Commonwealth Fund (http://ow.ly/gqsB304bJZk).
Case managers should take note of the survey findings.
"The Commonwealth Fund analysis is beneficial to all case managers, because the uninsured population compromises our most at high-risk groups of patients," says June Stark, RN, BSN, Med, director of care coordination at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center in Boston. "Most hospitals today seem to be the primary source of healthcare provision to the patients in their communities. Expanding the case manager's understanding of this population can contribute to the development of successful strategies for managing this group."
The study, called The Commonwealth Fund Affordable Care Act Tracking Survey, consisted of 15-minute telephone interviews. Interviewers conducted the interviews in two languages, either English or Spanish, between February and April 2016. The data was collected by calling a random, nationally representative sample of nearly 5,000 adults ages 19?64.
Since the ACA went into effect, the uninsured population shifted from mostly white adults to Latinos, according to the Commonwealth Fund press release. Results also show that renewed efforts to help uninsured individuals gain coverage might also be in order.
"The ACA held promise for many, especially those with incomes that could bear new market sticker prices, and as can be seen from the study, diverse populations benefitted from targeted reform marketing efforts," says Shawna Grossman Kates, MSW, MBA, LSW, CMA, the director of case management and bed management for RWJBarnabas Health in Toms River, New Jersey. "Yet it is very apparent that while there has been success with some at-risk populations, those with the lowest incomes who do not qualify for Medicaid are still struggling."
Opening the lines of communication between clinicians and specialists to make care more efficient can be a sizable challenge.
At many facilities, hospitalists shuttle from floor to floor to see patients, each time trying to track down the nurse and other professionals working on each case. Information is typically transferred through an inefficient system of pages and phone calls, sometimes taking hours at a time to deliver crucial pieces of information.
Enter the accountable care unit, a new way of configuring care systems that can help to uncoil tangled communication wires between clinicians and support staff to provide care that is more efficient and streamlined.
In this model, hospitalists work with patients in a specified geographical area of the hospital in conjunction with interdisciplinary teams.
Having patients in one area helps make care more efficient, and as one hospital system in New Mexico learned, can also reduce length of stay and increase cost-efficiency.
Regionalization of hospitalist patients is becoming more common today, because of the benefits it's been shown to bring, says Stefani Daniels, RN, MSNA, ACM, CMAC, founder and managing partner of Phoenix Medical Management in Pompano Beach, Florida. Those benefits include:
Improved teamwork, care coordination, and communication
Fewer readmissions
Improved resource management to lower cost of care
Improvements in patient satisfaction
Reduction in inefficiencies
"I'm pushing accountable care units at all my hospital clients," says Daniels. But while the will is there in many cases to make the change, it's not always an easy conversion.
Sometimes these initiatives face pushback from physicians concerned about personnel or scheduling issues.
Other challenges include:
The lack of diagnostic diversity that results from having set teams on a unit
The challenge of deciding whether teams should be flexible or static
Hammering out logistical issues, such as how patients should be triaged and how beds are managed
One of the topics raising the most questions in case management today is related to the MOON notification requirement. Hospitals were struggling this summer to comply with the Notice of Observation Treatment and Implication for Care Eligibility (NOTICE) Act, which was signed by President Barack Obama August 6, requiring hospitals to provide a verbal and written notice of outpatient status to any patient in observation who has been in the hospital for more than 24 hours. Just prior to the August 6 implementation date, hospitals received word that the notification requirement would be delayed pending approval of modifications made to the government's notification form.
When CMS decided to postpone the MOON notification requirement a few days before the scheduled implementation date of August 6, it provided a welcome reprieve for many hospital staff members who were scrambling to get ready.
"We were almost ready to go, however, plans are actually now on hold until the final draft is approved, in probably January," says Frantzie Firmin, MS, RN, director, utilization management and care coordination of Brigham & Women's Hospital in Boston.
The hospital's preparations included development of a process to deliver the notification to patients who needed it.
"Our organization, Partners Healthcare System, has decided to address the MOON implementation systemwide. As a result, we set up a case management expert panel, which is a collaborative practice committee that meets regularly to address and develop a plan that will ensure regulatory compliance across the system," she says.
The group worked with the electronic medical system team to develop an automated workflow directly within the system. "Each hospital has its own work queue set up," says Firmin. "The Medicare patients in the work queue are only those in observation status that have been there 12 hours or more."
Care coordinators and insurance support nurses have access to the work queue, which allows them to identify their observation patients. "Furthermore, we have also added functionality in [our electronic system] to document that the notice has been given," she says. Staff members are able to check off the status and date of receipt for each patient, and then the patient's name moves out of the work queue.
The system also allows the insurance support nurse or care coordinator to print the form and provide a copy to the patient before discharge.
Other organizations had taken similar steps.
RWJ Barnabas Health in Toms River, New Jersey, also formed a small task force to ensure compliance with MOON, says Shawna Grossman Kates, MSW, MBA, LSW, CMA, the organization's case and bed management director. But while MOON is new to them, this type of observation notification requirement is not. New Jersey hospitals have already been subject to an even more restrictive patient notification requirement for several years, she says.
Hospitals got a last-minute reprieve from the MOON notification requirement, which was set to go into effect August 6. Citing the need for additional time to revise the standardized notification form that hospitals will need to use to notify patients about the financial implications of being assigned to observation services, CMS moved back the start date for the requirement in the 2017 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) final rule to "no later than 90 days," after the final version of the form is approved.
The Independence at Home Demonstration, which is affiliated with the Affordable Care Act, is making strides toward providing chronically ill Medicare beneficiaries with primary care services at home and has also lowered Medicare costs, according to CMS.
Physician advisors (PA) are an important ally for case managers at many organizations when it comes to ensuring proper patient status. But one organization has greatly expanded the role of PAs to include performance improvement and as a result has seen improvements in everything from readmissions to length of stay.
Hospitals were struggling this summer to comply with the Notice of Observation Treatment and Implication for Care Eligibility (NOTICE) Act, which was signed by President Barack Obama August 6, requiring hospitals to provide a verbal and written notice of outpatient status to any patient in observation who has been in the hospital for more than 24 hours.
Assigning the correct patient status is a constant challenge for hospitals and the case managers who are charged with ensuring these decisions are accurate.
The American Case Management Association and National Board of Case Management recently completed the 2016 Case Manager Practice Analysis Study to support the Accredited Case Manager credentialing examination, according to a press release.
